Previous
The Mariel Boatlift of 1980 / El éxodo del Mariel de 1980
Next
Mariel in the Media / El Mariel en la prensa

Detention and Uncertainty / Detención e incertidumbre

The creation of the Mariel exodus processing and resettlement centers was a foundational step towards the militarization of immigration detention in the U.S. The federal government set up the Mariel camps in military facilities in Arkansas, Pennsylvania, and  Wisconsin considering the emergency confinement for Cubans, but also had visible plans to establish longer-term militarized detention facilities in order to contain future mass migrations. The search for these military locations particularly underscored remoteness as key criteria with the intention to deter migrants particularly from Latin America.

La creación de los centros de procesamiento y asentamiento durante el éxodo de Mariel fue un paso fundamental hacia la militarización de las políticas de inmigración en los EE. UU. El gobierno federal estableció los campamentos de Mariel en unidades militares en Arkansas, Pennsylvania y Wisconsin, considerando tanto el confinamiento de emergencia para los cubanos, como sus propios planes  para establecer instalaciones de detención militarizadas a largo plazo que pudieran contener futuras migraciones masivas. La búsqueda de estas ubicaciones militares subrayó, particularmente, la lejanía como un criterio clave con el objetivo de desalentar migrantes de América Latina.

  • slide
  • slide
  • slide
  • slide
  • slide

Despite the known fact that many Cubans were fleeing political prosecution in Cuba, the U.S government did not grant them immediate refugee status.The Carter administration feared that granting automatic political refugee status to Cuban migrants would encourage similar mass migrations from other countries. The U.S Refugee Act of 1980 had come into effect just two months before Mariel started, on March 17,1980, and the language included in the act should have granted refugee status to the Cubans. However, the annual limit of immigrants specified by the Act (only 5000) was not enough for Mariel numbers. The Carter Administration then argued that most Mariel refugees were not in an emergency refugee situation or enduring persecution in Cuba and were instead motivated to migrate by economic reasons.

A pesar del sabido hecho de que los cubanos huían de la persecución política en Cuba, el gobierno de Estados Unidos no les concedió inmediatamente el estatus de refugiado. La administración Carter temía que otorgar el estatus automático de refugiado político a los migrantes cubanos del Mariel alentara migraciones masivas similares desde otros países. La ley de refugiados de los EE. UU. de 1980 había entrado en vigencia solo dos meses antes de que comenzaran los eventos del Mariel, el 17 de marzo de 1980, y el lenguaje incluido en esa ley debía otorgar el estatus de refugiado a los cubanos. Sin embargo, el límite anual de inmigrantes cubanos especificado por la Ley (solo 5000) no era suficiente para las cifras del Mariel. El gobierno de Carter argumentó entonces que la mayoría de los migrantes de Mariel no se encontraban en una situación de emergencia de refugiados ni sufrían persecución en Cuba, sino que estaban motivados a migrar por razones económicas.

  • slide
  • slide
  • slide
  • slide
  • slide

Rather than designating this group as parolees or as refugees, the U.S. government created the legal category of “Cuban/Haitian entrant (status pending).” Congress passed legislation granting Cuban "entrants" the same state benefits as refugees. However, the “entrant” designation made it much easier for the U.S government to begin exclusion proceedings, as it could deport migrants  who had been admitted physically, but not legally, into the country. As "entrants"  Mariel migrants needed to be paroled out of the resettlement camps under an American sponsor in order to legally enter the U.S, even when physically they had been already on U.S. soil.

 En lugar de designar a este grupo como "admitidos" o refugiados, el gobierno de Estados Unidos creó la categoría legal de “entrante cubano/haitiano (estatus pendiente)”. El Congreso pronto aprobó una ley que otorgaba a los entrantes cubanos los mismos beneficios estatales que a los refugiados. Sin embargo, la designación de “entrante” todavía facilitaba que el gobierno iniciara procedimientos de exclusión mediante los cuales podía deportar a migrantes que habían sido admitidos físicamente, pero no legalmente, en el país. Como "entrantes" los migrantes cubanos necesitaban salir de los campamentos bajo la tutela de un patrocinador estadounidense para poder ingresar legalmente a Estados Unidos, incluso cuando físicamente ya habían estado en suelo estadounidense.

Previous
The Mariel Boatlift of 1980 / El éxodo del Mariel de 1980
Next
Mariel in the Media / El Mariel en la prensa

Last Updated Date 

The La Crosse Public Library welcomes patron participation and comments on the La Crosse Public Library’s social media and in our online forums. All LPL online sites are governed by general rules of respectful civil discourse. Individual patrons are fully responsible for everything that they post.

The La Crosse Public Library does not discriminate against any views. However, we reserve the right to remove content that violates the below rules, without consent. We do not verify the identity of participants.

  • The Library will remove:
    • Off topic contributions
    • Content that contains obscenity, nudity, defamation or hate speech (Speech that targets people or groups based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or any other protected status).
    • Content that threatens to harm individuals, groups, or organizations
    • Spam and content that promotes services or products, or that involves political campaigning or lobbying.
    • Comments that give the appearance of legal, medical or financial advice.
  • The Library may remove
    • Content that contains personal information (whether your own or someone else's), including home address, home or cell phone number, or personal e-mail address, in order to protect privacy.
    • Gratuitous links to sites.
    • Repeat submissions of the same (or very similar) contributions will be viewed as spam and may result in the content being removed.
  • The Library will only post content from participants over 13 years of age.
  • Communications made through social media posts, e-mail, webinars, and messaging systems will in no way constitute a legal or official notice or comment to the La Crosse Public Library or any official or employee of the Library for any purpose.
  • All user-generated content is released into the public domain unless the participant clearly states otherwise,
  • Users who do not comply with these standards of conduct may be blocked.

 

Disclaimer for links posted on our Website or Social Media

External links are being provided as a convenience and for informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement or an approval by the La Crosse Public Library of any of the products, services or opinions of the corporation or organization or individual. The La Crosse Public Library bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality or content of the external site or for that of subsequent links. Contact the external site for answers to questions regarding its content.

Reviewed and approved by Library Board, November 2021

Loading Conversation