Mariel in the Media / El Mariel en los medios
The lack of a legitimate U.S. immigration refugee identity for Mariel Cubans, along with the use of a militarized framework to detain the migrants increasingly depicted the Mariel group to the American public as a criminal and unauthorized population. American press, in general, failed to challenge the narrative of the deviant antisocial that the Cuban government had manufactured for those leaving Cuba via Mariel. Instead, U.S. media outlets across the nation often publicized stirring images of the Mariel camps where Mariel migrants appeared violent and destroying federal property. Popular films such as Brian de Palma's Scarface (1983), solidified these depictions of deviance.
Para los cubanos del Mariel, la falta de una identidad migratoria legítima como refugiados en Estados Unidos, y el uso de una infraestructura militarizada para detenerlos los mostraba ante el público estadounidense como una población criminal e ilegal. La prensa estadounidense, de manera general, fracasó en cuestionar la imagen de un migrante antisocial que el gobierno cubano había fabricado para los que se iban de Cuba por el Mariel. Por el contrario, los medios de comunicación estadounidenses publicaban imágenes provocativas y sensacionalistas de los campamentos del Mariel en las que a menudo aparecían los migrantes en comportamientos violentos y destruyendo propiedades federales. Algunas películas populares como "Scarface" (1983) de Brian de Palma, consolidaron estas representaciones de desviación social.
Between April 1980 and November 1983, The La Crosse Tribune printed numerous articles that intersected Fort McCoy refugees’ stories of sexual abuse, criminal behavior, mental illnesses and gang violence with national debates about the cost of refugee resettlement programs to taxpayers, economic recession, and public dissatisfaction with the Carter administration.
Entre abril de 1980 y noviembre de 1983, el periódico The La Crosse Tribune imprimió numerosos artículos que combinaban historias de abuso sexual, comportamiento criminal, enfermedades mentales y violencia de pandillas en Fort McCoy con otros debates nacionales sobre el costo de los programas de apoyo de refugiados para los contribuyentes, la recesión económica, y el descontento público con la administración de Carter.
Recent research on Mariel shows that only approximately 1.5% of the total population of Mariel migrants were hardened criminals. Many of them had been prisoners in Cuba for disagreeing with Castro or had been involved in economic activities which during the 1970s were necessary for basic survival on the island but were severely punished by the state. Others had religious beliefs which conflicted with the regime's political ideas, and many migrants were discriminated in Cuba for being homosexual. There were also intellectuals and artists in the exodus whose work did not align with the state-sponsored cultural ideology.
Investigaciones recientes acerca del Mariel han demostrado que aproximadamente solo el 1.5% de la población total de los migrantes del Mariel tenía antecedentes penales graves. Muchos habían sido prisioneros en Cuba por no estar de acuerdo con Castro, o se habían involucrado en actividades económicas necesarias para sobrevivir durante los años setenta, pero que eran severamente castigadas por el estado cubano. Otros tenían creencias religiosas que estaban en conflicto con las ideas socialistas, y muchos otros eran discriminados en Cuba por ser homosexuales. En el grupo también había intelectuales y artistas cuyo trabajo no se alineaba con la ideología cultural patrocinada por el estado.
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Reviewed and approved by Library Board, November 2021