Cuban Life at Fort McCoy / La vida cubana en Fort McCoy
Cubans were used to the oppressive ways and material scarcities of the Cuban system under Castro, and living at Fort McCoy for some meant hope. They could play sports again, enjoyed reading the news and socialized often with American camp workers and interpreters. Living at Fort McCoy in the compounds designated for single males, however, also meant reencountering the violence of Cuban prisons and defending oneself against the extortion and abuse of a criminal minority.
Los cubanos estaban acostumbrados a las formas opresivas y a las carencias materiales del sistema cubano bajo Castro, y vivir en Fort McCoy para algunos significaba esperanza. Podían volver a practicar deportes, disfrutaban leyendo las noticias y socializaban a menudo con trabajadores e intérpretes estadounidenses del campamento. Sin embargo, vivir en Fort McCoy en los recintos designados para hombres solteros también significaba reencontrarse con la violencia de las cárceles cubanas y defenderse de la extorsión y el abuso de una minoría criminal.
Other testimonies describe Fort McCoy as a much more restricted and fenced space, with checkpoints and heavy military presence. Mariel collaborators for this project have described the contradictions of the freedom they had hoped for, and the anxiety of detention and the frustration to find a sponsor. Families at Fort McCoy were separated, men and women also had separate designated areas, and while homosexual refugees often chose to separate themselves in their living areas, FEMA officials also segregated gay Cubans when activities like dancing or cross-dressing were seen as disruptive acts.
Otros testimonios describen al campamento de Fort McCoy como un espacio mucho más restringido y cercado, con puestos de control y una fuerte presencia militar. Algunos protagonistas de Mariel que colaboraron en este proyecto han descrito las contradicciones de la libertad que habían esperado, y la ansiedad de la detención y la frustración por encontrar un patrocinador. Las familias cubanas en Fort McCoy eran separadas, los hombres y las mujeres también tenían áreas designadas separadas, y aunque los refugiados homosexuales a menudo optaban por separarse en sus áreas de vivienda, los funcionarios de FEMA también segregaban a los cubanos homosexuales cuando actividades como bailar o vestirse de mujer se consideraban actos disruptivos.
Despite the constant surveillance at Fort McCoy, Cubans had been experts at navigating the bureaucracies and policing of the Cuban state for decades. Cubans at Fort McCoy moved with relative ease from barrack to barrack; and a black market developed at the base (cigarettes, magazines, Cola-Cola cans, medical products, bed sheets, army blankets, clothing) moving products which Cubans could obtain from camp personnel by offering labor in camp maintenance tasks, or simply stole from the camp warehouses and health clinics. Cubans at the base could also receive money from relatives, which in part funded the black market.
A pesar de la vigilancia constante en Fort McCoy, los cubanos habían sido expertos en navegar las burocracias y la vigilancia del estado cubano durante décadas. Los cubanos en Fort McCoy se movían con relativa facilidad de un cuartel a otro; y se desarrolló un mercado negro en la base (cigarrillos, revistas, latas de Cola-Cola, productos médicos, sábanas, mantas militares, ropa) y otros productos que los cubanos podían obtener del personal del campamento ofreciendo trabajo en tareas de mantenimiento del campamento, o simplemente robando de los almacenes y clínicas de salud del campamento. Los cubanos en la base también podían recibir dinero de familiares, lo que en parte financiaba el mercado negro.
John Satori, who owns La Crosse’s antiques store Satori Arts worked at Fort McCoy as a dental assistant. Satori often commissioned Cuban artists living at the camp with a piece in exchange for art supplies. Today there is a collection of over 40 artifacts which includes paintings, crotched bags, hats, uniforms, refugee letters and other crafts. The paintings are particularly revealing, as they depict religious images of Cuban deities such as La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre and Santa Bárbara in bright colors, traditional Cuban landscapes, portraits of Fidel Castro as a refugee-eater monster, Mariel boats in their journey to Key West, and what refugees had imagined as their lives in the U.S with luxurious mansions, cars and swimming pools.
John Satori, dueño de la tienda de antigüedades Satori Arts de La Crosse, trabajó en Fort McCoy como asistente dental. A menudo Satori encargaba piezas a algunos cubanos artistas que vivían en el campamento a cambio de materiales de arte. Hoy existe una colección de más de 40 artefactos que incluye pinturas, bolsos, sombreros, uniformes, cartas de refugiados y otras artesanías. Las pinturas son particularmente reveladoras, ya que representan imágenes religiosas de deidades cubanas como La Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre y Santa Bárbara en colores brillantes, paisajes tradicionales cubanos, retratos de Fidel Castro como un monstruo devorador de refugiados, los barcos de Mariel en su viaje a Cayo Hueso y lo que los refugiados habían imaginado como sus vidas en los EE. UU. con lujosas mansiones, automóviles y piscinas.
Fort McCoy also had a bilingual radio station, WRPC “La voz de la libertad." Ronaldo Garcés was a federal employee who convinced FEMA, the State and the Defense Departments to allow the station in the camp. The information broadcasted to the Cubans, however, had to be cleared by the government and it could not include any news from Latin America or Cuba. Garcés became the news director, writer, announcer, and promoter for WRPC. He also selected the music, which often included recordings from a “Aires de la Libertad,” a Cuban band which formed at Fort McCoy and recorded in the small WRPC studios. WRPC often broadcasted sports and world news and updated refugees on camp news and resettlement efforts.
Fort McCoy también tenía una estación de radio bilingüe: WRPC “La voz de la libertad”. Ronaldo Garcés era un empleado federal que convenció a FEMA, al Departamento de Estado y al de Defensa para que permitieran la estación en el campamento. Se convirtió en el director de noticias, escritor, locutor y promotor de WRPC. La información transmitida a los cubanos tenía que ser aprobada por el gobierno y no podía incluir ninguna noticia de América Latina o Cuba.Garcés también seleccionaba la música, que incluía grabaciones de una banda cubana que se había formado en Fort McCoy, “Aires de la Libertad” y que grababa en los pequeños estudios de WRPC. La estación a menudo transmitía noticias deportivas y del mundo, además de noticias del campamento y reportes de los esfuerzos de reubicación.
Juveniles at the camp were avid boxers, soccer, chess, and baseball players and held regular tournaments and visited with local high schools. Seven refugees travelled to La Crosse to try-out with the Milwaukee Brewers, and three of them signed contracts with professional teams in Milwaukee and Sparta. Refugees often volunteered to work at the camp maintenance tasks, held weekly religious services, and there was even the wedding of Jorge Pons and Sandra Padrón Zárate.
Los jóvenes en el campamento eran ávidos boxeadores, jugadores de fútbol, ajedrez y béisbol y realizaban torneos regulares y visitas a las escuelas secundarias locales. Siete refugiados viajaron a La Crosse para probar su suerte con los Milwaukee Brewers, y tres de ellos firmaron contratos con equipos profesionales en Milwaukee y Sparta. Los refugiados a menudo se ofrecían como voluntarios para trabajar en las tareas de mantenimiento del campamento, realizaban servicios religiosos semanalmente, e incluso se celebró la boda de Jorge Pons y Sandra Padrón Zárate.
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